Downtown Janesville looking south on Main Street (2004)

Janesville is a city in southern Wisconsin, United States.^[1] It is the county seat of Rock County^[1] and the principal municipality of the Janesville, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 59,498.^[2]

History

Janesville was founded in 1835 ^[3]on the east bank of the Rock River. Named for an early settler, Henry Janes'^[4], early development depended on water power from the river and an early territorial road that included the first bridge of the river in the area ^[5].

Janesville was the site of the first Wisconsin State Fair in 1851, attended by approximately 10,000 people.^[6]

A tree in downtown Courthouse Park was the site of a lynch mob who hanged a convicted murderer in 1859, an incident which prompted Wisconsin to ban capital punishment. [1] (PDF) In 1992, television journalist Geraldo Rivera was arrested for battery after an altercation during his coverage of a Ku Klux Klan rally in Janesville.[2] The location of a related cross burning in 1992 is now "Peace Park" with a playground and a peace pole, said to be the world's tallest at 52 feet[3].

Geography

Janesville is located at 42°41?2?N, 89°0?59?W (42.68411, -89.016654).^[7]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.1 square miles (72.8 km²), of which, 27.5 square miles (71.3 km²) of it is land and 0.6 square miles (1.5 km²) of it (2.10%) is water. Janesville is divided by the Rock River.

Demographics

As of the census^[8] of 2005, there were 60,483 residents, 23,894 occupied housing units, and 15,746 families in the city. The population density was 2,160.6 people per square mile (834.1/km²). There were 25,083 housing units at an average density of 910.9/sq mi (351.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.27% White, 1.26% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.96% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 2.64% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 23,894 households, 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, with 9.7% comprised of individuals aged 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the city, the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,961, and the median income for a family was $55,133. Males had a median income of $40,910 versus $26,423 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,224. About 4.3% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 and over.

Architecture

Twenty percent of Wisconsin's buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places can be found in Janesville.[[4]] The 1857 Lincoln-Tallman House, which models the Italian Villa-style architecture, is one of 34 sites on the Register.^[9] Abe Lincoln slept there for two nights. The Columbus Circle neighborhood became Janesville's tenth historic district in 2005. The former Janesville Public Library [5], a Carnegie library built in 1902, was designed by J.T.W. Jennings.

Transportation

Janesville operates a bus system, the Janesville Transit System (JTS), which also connects with neighboring Beloit. Van Galder Bus (a Coach USA company) operates a regional bus between Madison and downtown Chicago, Chicago O'Hare Airport, and Midway Airport. Interstate 90/39 goes through Janesville, as do U.S. Hwy 14 and 51 and state Hwy 26 and 11. Just south of Janesville is Southern Wisconsin regional airport.

Media

The Janesville Gazette, owned by Bliss Communications, is one of two daily newspapers in Rock County, Wisconsin (the Beloit Daily News being the other), and serves a regional market stretching into Walworth County. Delavan-based Community Shoppers, Inc. publishes the bi-weekly Janesville Messenger. Janesville's only TV Station is a low power TBN station on channel 65. Janesville receives other TV from Madison, WI and Rockford, IL. Many radio stations also serve Janesville.

Parks

Rock Aqua Jays

Janesville is known as "Wisconsin's Park Place" or "City of Parks". Its 2,015-acre (8.15 km²) park system includes 53 improved parks, as well as boat launches, golf courses, and nature trails.[6] This is one of the highest acreages per capita in Wisconsin.^{[citation needed]}

Janesville has a public, internationally-themed botanical garden, Rotary Gardens, with free admission (donations accepted), that is open during the summer months. It is home to numerous weddings and group gatherings.[7]

Traxler Park is home to the Rock Aqua Jays, a water ski team which has been U.S. national champion 15 times. The team originated and regularly hosts the National Show Ski championships. Traxler Park is also home to the Fourth of July festivities.

Other major parks include Riverside Park, a recreational park along the Rock River including a golf course and a segment of the Ice Age Trail; Rockport Park, largely undeveloped, including the municipal swimming pool and Peace Park; Monterey Park, including the Big Rock, an early natural landmark signalling a good ford of the Rock River (and the namesake of the county, but not the river), as well as a sports stadium used by the school system; Lustig Park, used for a disc golf course; and Palmer Park, which includes a 9-hole golf course and Camden Park (an accessible play area). Most of the parks in the city are linked by a paved bike trail, which will eventually connect to Beloit.^[10]

Education

A basketball game between cross-town rivals, Joseph A. Craig High School and George S. Parker High School

The Janesville School District has twelve elementary schools, three middle schools, two high schools and two charter schools. The Janesville Academy for International Studies, a charter high school that focuses on teaching global perspectives, and the Guide Language Center, which offers over 10 foreign languages, are both located downtown. In addition, there are a number of parochial schools throughout the city.

The Wisconsin School for the Visually Handicapped has been located in Janesville since 1850. A two-year community college, the University of Wisconsin-Rock County, located on the southwest side of Janesville, is part of the University of Wisconsin System. A two-year technical college, Blackhawk Technical College, is located midway between Janesville and Beloit; Blackhawk also offers degree programs through Upper Iowa University.

Business and Industry

Janesville's largest employer is the Janesville Assembly plant of General Motors, followed by the Mercy Health System, and the Janesville School District [8]. Other major employers include automotive-related manufacturers Lear, SSI Technologies, and Bourns Automotive, and the successful hazardous materials equipment distributor Lab Safety Supply. A Simmons Bedding Company factory, makers of the world-famous Beautyrest, and other industrial businesses are also major employers. The non-profit Mercy Health System has a multi-county market extending into Illinois. Blain's Farm and Fleet, a three-state retail chain, has headquarters and a distribution center in Janesville.

The Parker Pen Company was founded in Janesville; at one time its Main Street factory was the largest writing instrument plant in the world. The company later purchased Manpower, Inc., but eventually sold the pen business to Gillette, and no longer operates in Janesville. It is now owned by the British company, Sanford. The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company was founded in Janesville in 1857, but moved to Milwaukee two years later.

Janesville-based Swing'n'Slide, a maker of wood-and-plastic playground equipment, is a subsidiary of Playcore, Inc. Janesville is also the home of Hufcor (formerly Hough Shade Company), a global manufacturer of room dividers, and Gray's Brewing, maker of award-winning boutique beers and soft drinks. Janesville is also home to Freedom Plastics, a PVC pipe manufacturer.

Woodman's Food Market, a regional supermarket chain, built its first warehouse store in Janesville. The Janesville Mall redeveloped in the late 1990s, and in 1998, Pine Tree Plaza opened. In November 2006, a Super Wal-Mart and a Sam's Club opened after a period of controversy. The site of the former Janesville Oasis, known for a large fiberglass cow at its entrance, began redevelopment in 2007; the anchor tenant will be a Super Menards, and the cow, representing the local dairy industry, will be spared by popular demand.

Religion

• The Seventh Day Baptist General Conference has its offices in Janesville; the denomination's nearest church is in Milton.
• The Gideon Bible organization was founded at the Janesville YMCA in 1899 by Janesville resident John H. Nicholson and a Beloit man after they had shared a Boscobel hotel room. [9]
• In 1994, a white buffalo dubbed Miracle was born at the Heider family farm just outside Janesville. Miracle lived until 2004. She was frequently visited by Native American ceremonial groups because of sacred symbolism of white buffaloes in many Native American religions. Another unrelated white buffalo, named Miracle's Second Chance, was born at the same farm in 2006, but died in a lightning strike later that year.
• In 2007, a local high school student received media attention and mild disciplinary action for a class speech on the ideas of Ralph Waldo Emerson, during which he tore pages from a Bible.

[10]

People from Janesville

See also

• Joseph A. Craig High School
• George S. Parker High School
• Oakhill Christian School[11]